Plain English at Work: A Guide to Business Writing Speaking by Edward Bailey Essay

Edward Bailey conveys deep yet simple approach to writing and communicating effectively. A comprehensive guide to writing, the book is in the first-person perspective and Bailey’s style to writing simply conveys his thoughts to the reader through simple and understandable words and sentences. The feel of the book is as if Bailey directly communicates with the reader, talking or addressing in a simple way. His aim is to write simply, avoiding complex words and wordy paragraphs that provide clear understanding on the part of the reader. Chapter 1: What is plain English writing? The first chapter of the book discusses the essentials of English writing. Bailey first defined what plain English is: ‘a way of expressing your ideas clearly in writing and speaking.’[1] He then enumerated three principles in plain English writing:  · Style: This involves writing in clear, readable, and simple sentences rather than complex ones. As Bailey suggests: ‘write more the way you talk.’[2]  · Organization: The main idea or topic is immediately written at the start to avoid confusion of ideas or redirecting the flow of the topic.  ·   Layout: Lastly, this principle is merely an organization of thoughts into a bullet form, subtitles or headings that can be helpful, visually. Bailey then discussed the different forms of plain writing as he compared and contrasted plain writing from businessese or business writing. He used businessese as a form of writing dialect which he compared to ‘academese, leaglese, bureaucratese’ etc. Writing should be plain and simple, as presented in the example where business writing often uses wordy sentences on a simple idea that confuses its main point and is sometimes prone to misinterpretation. Plain writing encourages reader to prefer simple words rather than complex one since, according to psycholinguists, the comprehension of complex and simple words of the human mind is a few hundred milliseconds but does not contribute to strain on short-term memory which helps better understanding.[3] He then presented several institutions in society that encourages plain English writing like the US military, federal agencies, and even lawyers. At the end of the chapter, true to his notion of organization and layout, he presented the overall structure of the book and enumerated the ideas that are to be found in the succeeding chapters. Chapter Summary Bailey presented the idea of plain English writing as a means of communicating effectively as well as providing a clear understanding of the main topic or idea. Plain English is easy to read and write that can be used to provide understanding on a simple or complex idea. Wordiness and highfaluting words often contribute to misunderstanding or misinterpretation. The aim of speaking and writing is to directly convey to the reader the main subject or idea, especially on the perspective of business writing. The application of this method is true, especially on business writing since it is essential for members of the working industry to directly convey the message of intent so as to avoid confusion or misinterpretation. In addition, the notion of simple or plain writing may seem unacceptable to some standards of writing because of simplistic use of words. However, the point of writing is to directly convey the message of the writer, and through the use of simple words, ideas ranging from easy to complex can be easily explained through proper organization of thought, word usage, and such. Chapter 2: Style: writing a readable sentence The chapter discusses the first principle Bailey mentioned in effective, plain, English writing. For Bailey, style involves utilizing the way one talk or speaks. ‘Write more the way you talk – with ordinary words, a variety of punctuation, personal pronouns and contractions.’[4] For the author, the most effective way of plain writing is to ‘write the way you talk’ –write as though you are directly communicating with the reader. One should also write in an organized and polite manner. However, the problem with writing as though you talk may sound simplistic or simple-minded. However, Bailey countered this argument by simply writing on the level of how one would communicate with the other. Basically, the difference between talking to a five year-old to a 25-year old is the way one talks. Therefore, writing entails the process of how one would commune themselves to the other. Tips on Talking and Writing[5] †¢ Imagining oneself communicating with the reader minus the phonetic punctuations like uhhs, and ums. Speaking and writing go hand in hand. †¢ Use ordinary words. Wordiness contributes to confusion. o Example: instead of commence, use begin †¢ Variety of punctuation (Question marks are a good way to eliminate monotonous sentences) o Example: The main point is that the defective computer disks are not the responsibility of the manufacturer. = Just who is responsible for defective computer disks? †¢ Use more personal pronouns: It enables using the active voice rather than passive voice. †¢ Use more contractions o Example: Can’t, won’t, don’t, that’s. Rules on Writing Bailey suggested that the use of contractions and the aforementioned tips in writing may slightly deviate from the rules set during the formative years in school. However, Bailey argued that not all rules are followed. He categorized them into three: rules we all agree with, rules few people agree with, and rules amateurs follow and professional don’t. Rules People Follow Bailey mentioned the use the universal rules of writing and grammar. ‘We all know to start sentences with capital letters and end them with periods or other terminal marks of punctuation.’[6] These rules are not the object of controversy in most writing cases since people know these rules and follow them. Rules Few People Agree With Bailey mentioned a case on pop-grammar where he cited an example from the writing styles of The New York Times. â€Å"The Soviet Union evidently is not able to convince Cairo to accept a rapid cease fire.†[7] The use of pop-grammar in this sentence refers to the usage most pop-grammarians argue about. These are the grammar experts who have the know-how on the rules of usage. Rules Amateurs Follow and Professionals Don’t Basically, these rules are used by professionals that sometimes do not follow the standard rules of writing and the issues on pop-grammar. Bailey mentioned John Trimble in his book Writing with Style: Conversations on the Art of Writing; list ‘Seven Nevers’[8] 1. Never begin a sentence with and or but. 2. Never use contractions. 3. Never refer to the reader as you. 4. Never use the first person pronoun I. 5. Never end a sentence with a preposition. 6. Never split an infinitive. 7. Never write a paragraph containing only a single sentence. To Bailey however, the way to simple writing is eliminating the ‘never’ in the aforementioned rules. Professional writing often involves spoken English, and these rules are not often followed, even by professionals. Chapter Summary Bailey enumerated several uses on style. The main argument of the chapter focuses on writing as one would speak. This enables an effective way of communication through simple word use, contractions, and questions as well as putting one’s shoes on the perspective of the writer directly talking to the reader. On the subject of contractions, the use of which may not be acceptable to the standards of formal writing or journalism. It is preferable for these contractions (can’t, won’t) to be spelled out (can not, will not) in order to be considered appropriate usage, especially on academic writing or journalism. Though contractions may not suit formal standards of writing, its usage does not make it wrong or inappropriate. The main theme of the book is to write as though one would speak, and the use of contractions helps in directly conveying messages by being simple and easy to understand. Chapter 3: Organization: getting to the point Chapter Summary In lieu of simple English writing, the main topic or subject should be easily spotted, preferably at the beginning of every paragraph, though not necessarily as the first sentence. This involves what the writer wants to readers to do, purpose or opinion. Often, if main ideas are not placed at the beginning of a paper or article, it confuses and frustrates the reader as they are lost reading through pages of paragraphs without ever realizing what the whole topic is all about. Therefore it is preferable, according to Bailey, that main ideas should be placed up front. Common problems why main ideas are placed at the end:  · to make readers read the entire document: to build the case so reader will more likely to accept the main point  · to re-enact how the writer learned something  · to delay bad news However, most readers do not bother finishing the entire document if main ideas are nowhere to be found up front. Readers bored with the pointless arguments of preceding paragraphs jump to the end in order to understand the main point. In the case of delaying bad news, the whole mood of the paper is compromised as tension and suspense build up – not really the intention of proper business writing. Stating bad news also involves proper tone usage. â€Å"With bad news, tone becomes extremely important. You probably want to say something with a less rude tone than: You’re fired.†[9] The proper way to convey bad news is to directly mention it at the beginning. Why Main Ideas Should be Placed in the Beginning  · It avoids frustration on the part of reader. The reader immediately grasps the idea instead of having to read countless paragraphs without understanding the main idea.  · It directly conveys the message of the writer (to do something, expectation, etc.)  · In writing chronologically, the main idea should be placed at the beginning since it would take time to know what really happened. Readers do not want a blow-by-blow account of what happened. Chapter 4: Layout: Adding Visual Impact Layout is â€Å"something that appears open and inviting.†[10] A good layout of a paper or work encourages readers to plough on through the paper’s entirety and also helps in the organization of thoughts and ideas. Three Layout Techniques  · Short paragraphs: Writing through short paragraphs instead of writing a block of text encourages readers to read more in between spaces instead of having to look at text crammed in one page. The ‘text-heavy’ concept is applied in newspapers as the layout of articles is placed in between-ads or pictures so as not to appear boring.  · Headings: This provides an organized way of arranging thoughts instead of numerous paragraphs. By dividing different thoughts or ideas into ‘subtitles’, it gives a visually appealing look for the reader and also a proper organization of thoughts (e.g. newspapers, textbooks).  · Bullets/Lists: Similar with the use of headings, bullets and lists provide an organized detail of a main subject or idea rather than incorporating all ideas into a long paragraph. On the case of numbered lists, this can be used when providing steps or instructions. Chapter Summary Through the use of the aforementioned thought organization techniques, these methods help the writer in organizing thoughts and ideas in a manner that will catch the attention of the reader and would encourage to read on. In addition, the use of these techniques is not only applied in the business perspective but also in journalism and other forms of writing. It is important, especially on business writing, to organize thoughts or details to directly convey the message and to avoid confusion. This rule also applies to writing in general, as proper writing involves clear and concise thoughts, proper word usage, and organization of thoughts, not merely a hodgepodge of ideas.

The Importance of Conclusion Samples Essay

The Importance of Conclusion Samples Essay The impression they're attempting to make upon their readers isn't the very same, either. There are a lot of ways you can create some excess money at home. Also, with any difficulty, you can make an application for help to our site we are appreciated by a lot of our regular users and you may easily join them. If you possess your house, a home equity line of credit may be a very good solution. What You Can Do About Conclusion Samples Essay Starting in the Next 10 Minutes The principal idea should stay exactly the same during the full paper. Each your part is dependent on other. Sure, it is possible to find lots of essay conclusion examples on the net, but in the event that you really wish to ace the ending of your paper, you should invest a little time and effort into attempting to comprehend what features make the last portion of any paper worth reading. With writing the conclusion finished, you're almost at the conclusion of your research undertaking. How to end an essay to receive a high score Even though it could seem that conclusion isn't a very significant part your paper, you might still lose precious points if you don't do it right. Anybody reading the conclusion has read the whole paper, or so the conclusion merely serves as an aid to memory. By exactly the same token, getting your conclusion in memory may be wise also. Actually, on the true AP exam, you might not get to the conclusion in the slightest. Today's workers have several more choices and job opportunities to select from. Students should select a compelling topic to impress the audience and their teachers. Never rush the procedure for learning. Make certain that you don't use the conclusion as a chance to participate in an over-generalised an unfocussed `rant'. For example, you will nonetheless want to ensure your conclusion really does conclude, and doesn' t just go off at a tangent to talk about something which is unrelated to the thesis. A conclusion is a last arrangement. Your conclusion is your opportunity to have the previous word on the topic. Failure to reveal problems and negative results Negative details of the research procedure should not be ignored. A plan for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is an essential element of any general cancer control program. You then need to point out the significance of the analysis and point out the way that it is related to the area. Many factors demonstrate that. Otherwise, then you have to eradicate the perils of becoming bad grades in exams by properly writing the conclusion of your insurance policy essay. Consult your tutor if you're not sure. How to end an essay might be a tricky question, particularly if your academic grade is dependent on the paper you're working on. You need to give your reader the last comment about the full topic you've been discussing. You may buy argumentative essay from a specialist writer. Our writers are highly qualified in the area of writing. Speaking of narrative essays, you want to stay in mind that you're telling a story. New Step by Step Roadmap for Conclusion Samples Essay Especially when you have some items which you no longer need. From time to time, it may be a great notion to sell some of your property. Banning smoking isn't a good idea. If there is absolutely no item, it's suggested that you get in touch with a lawyer to make sure the transaction. It can refer to any form of paper. As a result of the easy calculations, the system auto defines a best variant for the results of the entire text. The duration of a conclusion is normally proportional to the period of the entire text. By way of example, It's simple to create your own popsicles. When you're writing an excellent conclusion paragraph, yo u have to consider the major point which you want to become across and be sure it's included. You want to recognize that conclusion isn't just a very simple overview of evidence you've provided in your primary portion of the essay. True, it is a small bit about summary, but nevertheless, it should take your essay one step further. When it's a lengthier paper, a fantastic place to begin is by looking at what each paragraph was about. Please be aware that the variety of sentences of essay conclusion is dependent upon the quantity of paragraphs inside your body part. Most often, it's the previous sentence of the introduction. Attempt to make the last couple of sentences worth memorizing. Also, focus on the emphatic punctuation within this sample (exclamation mark). New Questions About Conclusion Samples Essay Most importantly, services have to be supplied in an equitable and sustainable method. There are plenty of assessments and profiles accessible to help insure you have a great match between the applicant and the job. For quite a few, the price of services is a determining factor in deciding on the format of accounting solutions, so let's start with this. The price of outsourcing services can differ.

Ownership of Digital Downloads - 1058 Words

Ownership of Digital Downloads Digital downloads are intellectual Properties of the innovators and the actual owners of the ideas uploaded online. Ownership of digital content is exclusively reserved for the copyright owners who have spent many years and others decades trying to come up with an idea. Downloading of digital content online does not make that user the owner, and as such, there are no rights that have been transferred to the user except those of using the content. For instance, a user is allowed to listen and enjoy the downloaded music, watch the movies and read the books found online but it ends at that. They cannot hold any ownership rights other than those of using it. Technology has evolved with high speed and it attracts many people especially the youths who prefer to use online downloads as opposed to tangible sources. As result, people who have produced their content such as books, music and film are attracted to upload their content online for people to buy it and then download it. Sales are better online than on the stores as it is convenient, faster and accessible. The internet provides an easy method of sale but the prices are much lower than those of purchasing a tangible content such as a book, a CD or a tape. Books, CDs and tapes carry ownership rights and can be considered the buyers property as opposed to the online copy which ownership does not leave the copyrighter. In this case, you cannot be said to own something you cannot show or hold.Show MoreRelatedThe Digital Transformation Of Communication, Information And Entertainment Media Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesNew Media is the digital transformation of communication, information and entertainment media, including music (Giddings, 2). The way music is produced, distributed and consumed or listened to has developed due to new media, digital technologies.This essay will examine in depth the streaming service, Spotify through breaking down the various, both positive and negative effects that it has on the music industry. Overall, this essay will discuss the idea that however convenient streaming on SpotifyRead MoreHow Music Has Changed Our Lives1746 Words   |  7 Pagesof music such as CDs to their digital counterparts. As shown in the graph below, we see that as the years progress the amount of digital downloads of singles and albums dwarfs those of CDs and CD singles. As to why there has been such a change in how we listen to music, the possible reasons could range from the convenience of digital copies, how digital copies are becoming more accessible, the need to keep in stride with the times, or that it is easier to have digital music than physical musi c. Read MoreDigital Piracy Is It Really?1081 Words   |  5 PagesWith the growing increase in technology comes the increase in the amount of digital media that is being shared amongst the world. With technology now being the means of communication it becomes easier to help those who do not have access to certain content be able to experience it that might have not had the chance. When the topic of digital piracy is bought up in conversation it immediately jumps to the conversation that the use of piracy would be the same as stealing a car or a television, andRead MoreThe Legal And Economic Concerns Of Copyright Laws1689 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficult odds at making a living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and history of copyright laws. Then, this paper will cover the concepts of ownership and stealing. It will then discus file sharing and how it has affected the entertainment industry. Finally, it will conclude with a look at how a hypothetical system without copyright laws would function. The World Intellectual Property OrganizationRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Consumer Ownership Via Spotify Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesillegal downloads. Despite this increased accessibility to music, the idea of consumer ownership via Spotify is only an illusion. There is a sense of ritual tied to tangible music technologies; object fetishism is satisfied through physical object being collected (,292). Spotify, along with other streaming sites have generated debate around current copyright laws. Spotify launched in 2008, is a relatively new technology that the legal world is yet to catch up with, the last update was the Digital MillenniumRead MoreThe Future Of Recorded Music1703 Words   |  7 Pagessolve many of the problems. Before digital media emerged, listeners primarily accessed recorded music through buying physical copies of records or CDs. They also recorded live music or music played on the radio, so they could listen at a later time. Even further in the past, the public could only access music through live performances. As ways of owning music developed, the public held fast to each new improvement, from personal recordings to digital downloads. Naturally, people crave the newestRead MoreInternet Copyright Laws1388 Words   |  6 Pagescomes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With the quick internet connection provided on the schools network, the student makes a few clicks and logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. Within a few minutes he is on his way to owning an unlimited amount of songs at no cost. Everything this student is doing is legal, right? Wrong. The downloaded music from the internet is copyrighted material. Todays internet isRead MorePiracy, The Intellectual Property Rights Of The Recording Industry Association Of America1285 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem that the RIAA has with this violation is that they believe their sales are declining because of piracy. In fact, the sales are declining, but only in the CD area. With the digital downloads becoming available of not just albums but singles as well, most of the consumers are shifting their focus to the digital industry, where there has been a 1000 percent increase in revenue from 2004 to 2010. If the sales did not decline, the RIAA should not have a problem with piracy, as they areRead MoreShould Media Law Protect Intellectual Property?1059 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia law should protect IP, how long should the protection be in force? Is it ethical to own ideas? Media Law covers media rights and is basically based on court decisions. The three general areas covered are print media, telecommunications and digital communications. Intellectual Property is defined as creations of the mind such as inventions like literary, artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images used in commerce (World Intellectual Property Organization, (n.d.) Sources used for thisRead MoreThe Importance of Copyright1614 Words   |  6 Pagesobjects are typically believe to be more important when regarding copyrights, society has had significant problems in recent years as a result of the fact that the internet practically broke all the rules regarding the matter and people are able to download a series of products without paying for them. Most people fail to understand that it is wrong for them to steal music and songs and simply believe that they are doing an artist a service by employing such attitudes as a result of showing interest

Smoking Cigarettes Bad for Ones Health Essay examples

Smoking Cigarettes: Bad for One’s Health Smoking cigarettes is very bad for one’s health. Yet people all over the world do it every day. No matter how many warnings that the Surgeon General puts on cigarette packs people still smoke. . I feel that as years go by people are understanding the risks that go along with smoking cigarettes more and more. Hopefully in the future everyone will understand the risks and cigarettes will be banned. Smoking cigarettes can cause many different types of diseases and illnesses, such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease, throughout the human body. First of all, cigarette smoking can cause a person to have cancer. It doesn’t have a specific place in the body†¦show more content†¦Chronic pulmonary disease is a very serious disease caused by cigarette smoking. Last of all, cigarettes can make a person to have coronary artery disease, which is a very serious disease. The toxins in tobacco smoke, particularly tar and carbon monoxide, harden the arteries and increase the risk of blood clots (healthy.yahoo.net/channel/coronary-heart-disease.html). This can lead to a heart attack or a stroke (healthy.yahoo.net/channel/coronary-heart-disease.html). One way a person can tell if they have this disease is if they have chest pain or discomfort. The pain may feel like someone is squeezing ones heart. The pain usually occurs with activity or emotion, and goes away with rest or a medication. Other symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. If a person has a lot of chest pains, they need to get checked immediately. Coronary artery disease can be treated and controlled, but can accelerate quickly with smoking cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is dangerous and very bad for one’s health. Smoking can cause many kinds of diseases. Cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease are all very serious diseases but can be prevented and cured with the right care. If someone smokes the need to find a way to quit smoking, that works for them. I am a person that is trying to quit smoking. It is a very hard thing to accomplish, but I know with hard work and determination I will be able to kick thisShow MoreRelatedIt is common knowledge now that smoking is bad, so we should not do it, right? Not necessarily,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesis common knowledge now that smoking is bad, so we should not do it, right? Not necessarily, there are many things that are bad for us but we still do them anyways such as eating fast food. Everyone knows anything that has been deep fried is horrible for your health but we still do it because we like it, and the same goes for smoking. Like other things, smoking can be acceptable in moderation. But some may question this because smoking not only hurts the one smoking, but others around them. ThereRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Smoking892 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to smoking which is about one person every minute. Even though smoking is bad it helps the government and the people. Smoking doesn’t kill a person it does more than that. It changes your appearance, health, and affects the people around you. Many people should understand that smoking is not good for their health. One should consider the consequences of smoking. Every time a person smokes they are just pulling the trigger to kill themselves. Smoking cigarettes is very injurious to one’s healthRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Tobacco1084 Words   |  5 Pages With more people dying from tobacco related illnesses than any other source, smoking and tobacco use is the single largest source of preventable deaths in the world. There have been many attempts at controlling smoking in America which not only harms the user but also the people around them. None of the attempts have succeeded fully so far. This essay will show why by providing evidence and history about smoking and tobacco use and analyzing current actions or rather inactions addressing this problem;Read MoreShould Electronic Cigarettes Be Regulated?1090 Words   |  5 Pagespossibly chosen. The choices of one may work in one’s favor, or one’s choices may work in contrariety of one’s goals altogether. Electronic cigarettes, also called e-cigarettes or e-cigs, are an alternative choice to smoking actual cigarettes. Whether e-cigarettes should be regulated is a controversial topic among the people of the world today. A few people withhold the beliefs that electro nic cigarettes should not be regulated as regular cigarettes are. It is possible that they believe that the regulationRead MoreWhy Smoking Should Be Banned884 Words   |  4 Pagespeople smoke? Is smoking really healthy for them? How much does it cost an individual to smoke? What are the costs to society when people smoke? These are all questions that can easily be taken care of by banning cigarette smoking. It is really a disgusting sight to see a woman with a cigarette hanging out of her mouth. It is equally bad to see children with smoking cigarettes. B. Cigarette smoking should be banned, not only in restaurants but everywhere. When someone smokes cigarettes it affects theRead More A Critique of Thank You for Smoking? Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† Peter Brimelow’s article â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† is an essay that looks at a rather extreme perspective on smoking. Brimelow starts off by describing the many actions that are taken against the tobacco industry; he writes that in some states, the government is trying to make the tobacco industry pay certain health care costs. However, he then goes on to state that smoking may actually be good for one’s health. He uses various sources to show that smoking has positiveRead MoreThe Negative Consequences Of Public Smoking1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Consequences of Public Smoking Smoking is known to be one of the most dangerous medicine and can come with some seriously negative to one’s lungs. Research studies have shown that second- hand smoking can be equally as bad. According to the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, â€Å"2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). To those who own restaurants, oversee public places, and others in charge of entertainmentRead MoreTobacco Should Be Illegal1472 Words   |  6 Pagesgood habits are so much easier to give up than bad ones† (Somerset Maugham). Almost everyone has good and bad habits but the bad ones can lead to addictions. When it comes to tobacco addiction, it is a habit that leads to different diseases and causes death. Tobacco should be illegal. The American Lung Association states â€Å"There are approximately 600 ingredients in cigarettes† (Whats in a Cigarette? American Lung Association). Also when burned, cigarette smoke creates chemicals that affect our planetRead MoreShould The Smokers Be Quit Smoking?954 Words   |  4 Pagesquit, or do not want to quit smoking at all. There are many health warning messages on the packs, but we wonder, why do people still take the risk to smoke? A new solution to this problem that is being advertised, and is becoming popular amongst people is a product called Blu. Blu is known as an electronic cigarette that contains no tobacco, getting rid of the bad part to real cigarettes, however the product still contains nicotine which is the addictive part to cigarettes. This product is intendedRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?899 Words   |  4 Pages Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Should cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Smoking tobacco products have been around for decades and in many different forms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths

Criminal Prosecution and Competencies Free Essays

Through movies, we get the impression that police officers have all the right to arrest someone and bring him to court. But the underlying fact in this is that there are some things that must be done before a trial can be reached. For instance, an offender is arrested for committing a crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Prosecution and Competencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are steps in a criminal prosecution which leads to sentencing. During the arrest, the offender is handcuffed and taken to jail. The offender is then taken for booking wherein his photograph and fingerprints will be taken and he will be searched. A strip-search may be necessary at some point. Then, the police will ask about the offender’s personal information such as name, address, date of birth and social security number (American Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The next step would be arraignment, which signals the court appearance for a felony or misdemeanor. During this process, the charges to be filed and the penalty applicable once convicted, and the Constitutional rights are recited to the defendant (Nichols, n. d. ). The offender also pleads guilty or not guilty during arraignment, after which the pretrial, readiness hearing and trial dates are set. If the offender does not plead guilty, the next step would be the pretrial hearing. This is the time for both parties to file pretrial motions or issues. Then there would be the discovery. Discovery refers to the information needed for the parties to prepare the case. The next step is motions, wherein both parties can present testimonies or arguments. The readiness hearing will follow. This hearing is mainly held to find out if both parties are ready to proceed (City of Oak, 2003). After these steps, the trial follows. For an offender who pleads not guilty, he will be tried and convicted by either a judge or a jury (American Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The judge or the jury decides upon the verdict. This leads to the final step, which is the sentencing. In some areas in the United States, sentencing can be delivered in an expedite manner, or the defendant can return to be sentenced. Before a judge or a jury can put down a sentence, the judge must first hear the sides of the prosecution, victims or their representatives, the defendant and the defense attorney (City of Oak, 2003). Foundational and Decisional Competencies Foundational competencies, which are sometimes called Work Readiness Competencies, refer to competencies which serve as foundation for success whether in the workplace or school. Having foundational skills is very essential especially for workers to be able to learn new industry-specific skills. Foundational competencies are considered fundamental in occupations and industries (State of Minnesota, 2009). Foundational competencies transcend many other forms of competencies, such as ethical competencies, personal effectiveness, work place competencies and so on. Individual and cultural diversity and professional development are also classified as foundational. Take academic competencies as example. The critical competencies that people have learned in an academic setting such as communication, reading and writing, and basic computer skills are necessary in order to succeed in one’s chosen career. Academic competencies are the foundation for other competencies such as occupation and industry specific competencies. Decisional competencies, on the other hand, are categorized under workplace competencies. Possessing excellent decision-making skills is critical in both work place and school. Decisional competencies aid an individual in functioning â€Å"in an organizational setting† (Long Island University, n. d. ). Foundational and decisional competencies can be related in criminal cases, especially ones wherein the defendant suffers from a mental disorder. Foundational competencies can include the defendant’s basic knowledge of the charges and the adversary system as a whole. They also include the ability to â€Å"disclose relevant information to counsel. † Decisional competencies, on the other hand, would include one’s ability to understand legal alternatives and choose among these when necessary (Skeem, et. al, 2004). References American Hunt Saboteurs Association. (n. d. ). Arrest. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. huntsab. org/arrest. htm City of Oak. (2003). Steps in a criminal case. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. oakharbor. org/subcategory. cfm? id=12sid=19 Long Island University. (n. d. ). The practitioner scholar model: Program competencies, goals and objectives. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. cwpost. liu. edu/cwis/cwp/clas/psych/doctoral/forms/PractitionerScholarModel. pdf Nichols, W. P. (n. d. ). Steps in a criminal case. Office of Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. co. monroe. mi. us/Monroe/default. aspx? PageId=387 Skeem, J. , Golding, S.. L. Emke-Francis,P. (2004). Assessing adjudicative competency: Using legal and empirical principles to inform practice. In Donohue, W. T. Levensky, E. R. (Eds. ). Forensic psychology: A handbook for mental health and legal professionals. New York: Academic Press. State of Minnesota. (2009). â€Å"Building blocks† for competency models. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. careeronestop. org/CompetencyModel/pyramid_definition. aspx How to cite Criminal Prosecution and Competencies, Papers

Apple and Samsung Sales Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Apple and Samsung Sales Management. Answer: Apple and Samsung are two of the market leader companies in the smartphone market. Apple specializes on computers and phones designs and software while Samsung venture is in a variety of electronic products such as phones, refrigerators, washing machines, computers etc. Samsung has introduced ten times as many phones as Apple Company. In the recent past apple has been producing brands that outdo the monopoly that Samsung has been enjoying in the market. Samsung is good in learning from their competitors while apple learns from their customers. Apple Company has more than 400 stores in the world. Samsung has adopted the strategy of partnering with retailers to make their sales. This has seen Samsung make many successive sales in most parts of the world. The Apple Company has been viewed as a leading smartphone technology company. Its crown has been vied by many producers. Apple introduced features that are very useful for customers with small fingers and short hand. Samsung sales have been greatly boosted by the success of the note and galaxy series phones introduced in the market. Though Apple is an American based company and Samsung is a South Korean company, they have recorded high number of sales all over the world. Apple records the highest sales in USA but Samsung records a higher number all over the world Samsung and apple companies have invested heavily in research to develop the most appropriate modern technology. This has been boosted by the partnership with other companies. The two companies have placed the quality of their products in the front line making their product outdo other companies products. These companies are constantly conveying and modifying their product to capture the customer attention in the smartphone market. References Tang, L. C. (2009). U.S. Patent No. D589,375. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Katz, J. E., Aakhus, M. (Eds.). (2002). Perpetual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public performance. Cambridge University Press. https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.businessinsider.com/samsung-vs-apple-galaxy-iphone-smartphone-revenue-chart-2017-2 https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/102714/how-apple-and-samsung-compare-and-coexist.asp https://dsim.in/blog/2017/01/28/case-study-apple-vs-samsung-a-battle-of-marketing-relevancy/

Rome Essays (366 words) - Superpowers, Roman Empire,

Rome Greek culture laid the foundation for the Roman Empire. The Roman people wanted to be like the Greek people. For example the Romans made a sculpture of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. The Romans recognized the Greek art and architecture to be very well done. Since the Romans likes these traits of the Greek they used the Greeks ideas and created there own. That was the basis of the Roman Empire. In 64 AD there was a fire in Rome that burned down a large part of the city. When Rome decided to reconstruct they built the city back up in Greek style. They used the Greek architecture, and made it into their own. In 385 AD the Roman Empire fell into the West-Roman Empire and the East-Roman Empire. The two Empires existed until 476 AD when the Western Empire was invaded by the Goths. The Romans used the Greek architecture style, and created their own architecture style. This Roman architecture is well known around the world today. It is seen in many places still as of this time. The Romans created the style of the pillars on the buildings. Architecture is a main part in the development of an Empire. The Romans took the word basilica from the Greek word basileus which means king. The original word means a royal palace. But the Romans made the meaning into a center of business. But also in the basilica they had administration meetings there. This shows how the Romans based their business from the Greek way. The Roman forums were very unique from any other countries forums. The forums were unique not only because of its architecture but on how it represents freedom and its a symbol of democracy to the Empire. The Romans had there own gods, but in 500 BC the Romans came in contact with the Greek gods. Not long after did the Romans adopt the god of the Greek. The Greek culture laid the foundation for the Roman Empire. As you can see the Romans adopted and used many of the Greeks, art, religious gods, and architecture. Because of this the Romans based their Empire on how the Greeks based theirs. History